Fig. 5From: Efficient hydrolysis of raw starch and ethanol fermentation: a novel raw starch-digesting glucoamylase from Penicillium oxalicum Efficient hydrolysis of raw corn flour and raw cassava flour. The experiments were conducted using the rPoGA15A from the recombinant P. pastoris with the addition of commercial α-amylase. Data are mean ± standard deviation from two replicates. The results shown are from a representative experiment, and similar results were obtained in two other independent experiments. The reaction took place in citrate–phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) on a shaker at 180 rpm and 40 °C. The dosage of each enzyme used was 0.05 U/mg raw flour. a Hydrolysis of raw corn flour at 50, 100, and 150 g/L. b Hydrolysis of raw cassava flour at 50, 100, and 150 g/LBack to article page