Hardwood chips
|
Sodium carbonate
|
NA
|
42.11 (total sugar)
|
[53]
|
Sodium carbonate + PFI milling
|
360–1800
|
46.90–53.12 (total sugar)
|
Sodium carbonate + disk milling (12 in. diameter)
|
698
|
69.51 (total sugar)
|
Sodium carbonate + disk milling (42 in. diameter)
|
67–147
|
62.48–66.51 (total sugar)
|
Japanese cedar
|
Ozonolysis
|
NA
|
28–68 (glucose)
|
[54]
|
29–44 (xylose)
|
Disk milling
|
4167–26,389
|
38–75 (glucose)
|
26–45 (xylose)
|
Ozonolysis + disk milling
|
8333–22,222
|
71–94 (glucose)
|
44–59 (xylose)
|
Lodgepole pine trees
|
Disk milling
|
615.9
|
11.3 (glucose)
|
[52]
|
Hot water (initial pH 5.0) + disk milling
|
537.0
|
33.1 (glucose)
|
Acid (initial pH 1.1) + disk milling
|
335.6
|
39.6 (glucose)
|
SPORL (initial pH 4.2) + disk milling
|
499.3
|
84.1 (glucose)
|
SPORL (initial pH 1.9) + disk milling
|
134.5
|
92.2 (glucose)
|
Eucalyptus chips
|
Disk milling
|
990
|
72.94 (total sugar)
|
[65]
|
Sodium hydroxide impregnation + disk milling
|
630
|
80.77 (total sugar)
|
Magnesium hydroxide impregnation + disk milling
|
430
|
91.53 (total sugar)
|
Hinoki cypress
|
Disk milling
|
853
|
50 (glucose)
|
[74]
|
Steam treatment + disk milling
|
744–1489
|
96.8 (glucose)
|
Eucalyptus chips
|
Disk milling
|
408
|
45 (glucose)
|
Steam treatment + disk milling
|
192–458
|
98.4 (glucose)
|
Eucalyptus chips
|
Hot water
|
NA
|
50 (glucose)
|
[55]
|
Hot water + disk milling
|
167
|
101.7 (glucose)
|
Eucalyptus chips
|
Hot water
|
NA
|
3.1–65.2 (total sugar)
|
[37]
|
Hot water + ball milling
|
1436
|
45.6–66.7 (total sugar)
|
Rice straw
|
Hot water
|
NA
|
97.5 (glucose)
|
[62]
|
Hot water + mechanical refining
|
250–583
|
97.3–99.5 (glucose)
|
Oil palm mesocarp fiber
|
Disk milling
|
5250
|
30.2 (glucose)
|
[56]
|
30.6 (xylose)
|
Superheated steam + disk milling
|
1417–3028
|
26.0–47.8 (glucose)
|
24.1–42.1 (xylose)
|
Hot water + disk milling
|
4083–4972
|
46.3–91.1 (glucose)
|
10.1–54.3 (xylose)
|
Corn stover
|
Alkali deacetylation + disk milling (36 in. diameter)
|
128–468
|
85.9–91.7 (glucose)
|
[42]
|
81.1–86.2 (xylose)
|
Sugarcane bagasse
|
Alkaline + disk milling
|
11,111
|
77 (glucose)
|
[63]
|
67 (xylose)
|
Sugarcane bagasse
|
Hot water
|
NA
|
72.1–78.7 (total sugar)
|
[75]
|
Hot water + PFI refining
|
82.1–87.2 (total sugar)
|
Wheat straw
|
Hot water
|
NA
|
28.1–72.4 (total sugar)
|
[59]
|
Hot water + PFI refining
|
28.3–75.5 (total sugar)
|
Oil palm mesocarp fiber
|
Ball milling
|
NR
|
7.3–10.3 (glucose)
|
[38]
|
12.2–14.9 (xylose)
|
Alkaline
|
39.6–63.9 (glucose)
|
21.1–46.5 (xylose)
|
Alkaline + ball milling
|
97.3 (glucose)
|
63.2 (xylose)
|
Corn stover
|
Acid impregnation + dilute acid
|
NA
|
69–73 (glucose)
|
[58]
|
55–58 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + dilute acid
|
80–83 (glucose)
|
76–80 (xylose)
|
Acid impregnation + dilute acid + PFI refining
|
85 (glucose)
|
75 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + dilute acid + PFI refining
|
90 (glucose)
|
92 (xylose)
|
Corn stover
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + steam explosion + PFI refining
|
NR
|
79–83 (glucose)
|
[49]
|
50–55 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + steam explosion + extruder
|
82–83 (glucose)
|
56–58 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + steam explosion + food processor/blending
|
71–75 (glucose)
|
49–51 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + steam explosion + disk milling (12 in.)
|
75–78 (glucose)
|
52–54 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + dilute acid (pilot-scale)
|
82 (glucose)
|
80 (xylose)
|
Alkali deacetylation + acid impregnation + dilute acid pretreatment (pilot-scale) + Szego milling
|
90–95 (glucose)
|
85–90 (xylose)
|
Eucalyptus chips
|
Hot water
|
NA
|
73.19 (glucose)
|
[73]
|
90.45 (xylose)
|
Hot water + disk milling
| |
91.62 (glucose)
|
88.12 (xylose)
|
Rice straw
|
Disk milling
|
NR
|
86 (glucose)
|
[60]
|
40 (xylose)
|
Hot water + disk milling
| |
110 (glucose)
|
84 (xylose)
|