Valorization of lignin and cellulose in acid-steam-exploded corn stover by a moderate alkaline ethanol post-treatment based on an integrated biorefinery concept

Table 1 Compositional analysis of the untreated, acid-steam-exploded and integrally treated corn stovers

Samples	Treatment methods	Solid yields	Cellulose	Hemicelluloses	Lignin	Others
Corn stover	Untreated	–	36.5 (2.1)	22.1 (0.9)	18.8 (1.7)	22.6 (1.3)
1	Acid steam explosion	–	55.6 (3.5)^a	5.7 (0.7)	32.8 (2.6)	5.9 (0.9)
2	Acid steam explosion followed by a 0.05% alcoholic NaOH post-treatment	78.1	71.1 (2.8)	6.4 (0.6)	19.1 (3.4)	3.4 (0.6)
3	Acid steam explosion followed by a 0.5% alcoholic NaOH post-treatment	70.3	78.9 (3.3)	4.2 (0.6)	15.9 (3.2)	1.0 (0.1)
4	Acid steam explosion followed by a 4% alcoholic NaOH post-treatment	65.4	84.0 (4.4)	4.1 (0.7)	10.7 (1.7)	1.2 (0.8)
5	Acid steam explosion followed by a NaClO₂ post-treatment	59.6	89.2 (2.5)	7.5 (1.1)	3.0 (0.4)	0.3 (0.1)

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