Flowthrough pretreatment with very dilute acid provides insights into high lignin contribution to biomass recalcitrance

Table 1 Process conditions

Identification number	Aqueous condition	Type	Severity factor^a	Temperature (°C)	Time (min)
1	Liquid hot water	Flowthrough	log₁₀R₀ = 3.4	140	192
2		Flowthrough		180	12
3		Batch		140	192
4		Batch		180	12
5	Extremely dilute acid (0.05%)	Flowthrough	logCS = 1.4	140	192
6		Flowthrough		180	12
7		Batch		140	192
8		Batch		180	12

^aR₀ = t*exp((T−100)/14.75)), where t is the time in minutes and T is the temperature in °C. log₁₀R₀ is called the pretreatment severity factor. logCS = log₁₀R₀ − pH is called the combined severity factor

ISSN: 2731-3654