Table 2 Summary of Raman bands assignments

320w

320w

δ(CCC) ring

Cellulose

320w

320w

320m

330vw

OH bend coupled with CO def

355w

355w

δ(CCC) ring

Cellulose

355w

355w

355sh

–

380sh

380w

δ(CCC) ring

Cellulose

–

–

–

–

407s

Ring bend coupled with OH bend

424m

424m

δ(CCC) and δ(CCO) ring

Cellulose, xylan

424m

424m

415s

Xylan δ(CCC) and δ(CCO) ring

433s

CO deformation

492m

492m

Glycosidic ν(CCC)

Cellulose, xylan

492m

492m

492m

Xylan glycosidic ν(CCC)

–

530sh

530sh

530sh

530s

530s

CO deformation couple with ring bend

563m

563m

δ(COC) ring

Cellulose, xylan

563m

563s

570sh

Xylan δ(COC) ring

567m

CO def coupled with methine def

613m

CO def coupled with CO ring bend

678s

678sh

Pyranoid rings

678sh

678m

–

–

770s

770m

Xyloglucan, possibly some lignin ring and side chains

Xyloglucan lignin, ferulic acid

770m

770s

–

Glucuronic acid remainings

760s

CO ring str and bend coupled with CC ring str and CO str and bend

820–860s

820–860s

Glycosidic bonds and backbone vibration in hexose

820-860s

820-860s

–

–

920m

920sh

COC str coupled with CC ring str.

Xylan

920sh

920sh

900s

Xylan COC str coupled with CC ring str

907vs

Symmetric COC str coupled with CC ring str

930m

CO and CC stretch coupled with methine deformation

1007s

1007w

ν(C–C) and ν(C–OH)

Xylan

1007w

1007m

990m

Xylan ν(C–C) and ν(C–OH)

1019m

CC and CO ring str coupled with methine deformation

1095m

1095m

COC stretch symmetric

Cellulose

1095sh

1095sh

1095sh

1089s

CO str coupled with CC str and methine def

1123s

1123s

ν (COC), glycosidic; ring breathing, symmetric

Cellulose

1123m

1123m

1123m

1111s

CO str coupled with CC ring str

1219s

1219w

C-O str, δ(CH) and/or δ(COH)

Xylan

1219m

1219s

1250w

C–O str, δ(CH) and/or δ(COH)

1240m

Methine def coupled with OH i.p. bend

1313s

1313m

Cellulose aliphatic O–H bend vibration, xylan C3-OH

Cellulose, xylan

1313m

1313s

1315m

1313m

Anomeric methine def coupled with methine def

1340m

Methine def coupled with methylene wag

1383m

1383m

Cellulose δ(CH2), δ(HCC), δ(HCO) and δ(COH), lignin phenolic O–H, xylan δ(CH) and δ(OH)

Cellulose, lignin, xylan

1383m

1383m

1383s

Xylan δ(CH) and δ(OH)

1383m

Methylene wag coupled with OH i.p. bend and methine def

1395m

OH i.p. bend coupled methylene wag and methine def

1471s

1471w

Xylan OH and CH2

Xylan

1471w

1471m

1471s

Xylan OH and CH2

1471m

Methylene scissors coupled with wag

1604s

1604s

Lignin aromatic ring

Lignin

–

–

1604m

Residual lignin aromatic ring and coniferaldehyde

–

1634s

1634s

C=C stretch in coniferaldehyde lignin

Lignin

–

–

1634m

–