Fig. 6

Effect of Cra mutation on the relative expression levels of genes (a) and the activities of enzymes (b) involved in succinate biosynthesis. Central metabolism of E. coli. PFK phosphofructokinase, PPC phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, MDH malate dehydrogenase, FUM fumarate, FRD fumarate reductase, CS citrate synthase, ICDH isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICL isocitrate lyase, MS malate synthetase. Experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the error bars represent the standard deviation