Fig. 3

Kinetics of fermentor culture using ¹³C-formate and glucose as the carbon sources. Data are average of two replicates with standard error. a Growth and substrate consumption kinetics; b NADH level kinetics; c Mass isotopomer m + 1 fraction of proteinogenic amino acids for biomass collected at 12, 24, and 48 h. Fatty acid labeling estimated based on labeling of acetyl-CoA, which was determined from the first two carbons of leucine