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Table 2 Main financial parameters for economic assessment

From: Techno-economic analysis and climate change impacts of sugarcane biorefineries considering different time horizons

Parameter

Value

Reference

Minimum acceptable rate of return (per year)

12%

Watanabe et al. [25]

Project life span (years)

25

Watanabe et al. [25]

Depreciation rate (linear, 10 years)

10%

Watanabe et al. [25]

Income taxes

34%

Milanez et al. [17]

Maintenance (%Capex)

3%

Milanez et al. [17]

Month/year of reference for economic parameters

July/2014a

–

Exchange rate (R$/US$)

2.30

Average of July, 2014

Enzyme cost—short term (US$/L 2G ethanol)

0.13

Estimate from suppliers

Enzyme cost—medium term (US$/L 2G ethanol)

0.08

Estimate from suppliers

Enzyme cost—long term (US$/L 2G ethanol)

0.06

Estimate from suppliers

Anhydrous ethanol price (R$/L)

1.34

Moving average (2004–2014) [26]

Electricity price (R$/MWh)

132.43

Average from auctions (2005–2013) [27]

  1. aJuly/2014 was chosen based on the date when application of questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders took place