Fig. 5
ATR-FTIR peak area ratio of wavenumbers representing a hemicellulose (1732 cm−1), b lignin (1508 cm−1), and c wax (2918 cm−1) each relative to that of holocellulose (895 cm−1) for raw and hydrothermally pretreated corn stover (CS), Miscanthus × giganteus stalks (MS), and wheat straw (WS) at different severity factors (log R 0). Data points represent average and standard deviation from five technical replicates. Different letters indicate significant statistical difference based on ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05)