Fig. 5

Batch ethanol fermentation by KmPX1-expressing S. cerevisiae under FAF stress. a, b Fermentative profiles of two strains within 60 h without controlling pH, or controlling pH at 4.5, respectively. c, d Fermentative profiles of two strains within 60 h when controlling pH at 4.5. Cells were pre-cultured in SC-His medium containing 1 mM H₂O₂ for 16–18 h. 5% of seed culture was inoculated into a 3-L bioreactor with a 1 L working volume. Data are given as mean ± SD, n = 2