Applications of microalgal biofilms for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production

Table 5 Biodiesel properties of biofilms

	Biofilm #52	Biofilm #52 + Si^a	Biofilm #109	Biofilm #102	Feedstock^b		Comments
	Biofilm #52	Biofilm #52 + Si^a	Biofilm #109	Biofilm #102	Min	Max	Comments
SFA	40.9	41.9	31.6	38	8	45
MUFA	15.9	26	16	23	41	60
PUFA	23	16	32	24.1	10	36
SV	169.7	170	168.6	146
IV	68.7	76.4	87.7	86.9	57	111.7	124, upper limit in the EU^c
CN	62.9	65.6	58.9	58.3	54	61.2	47, lower limit in the USA^c
LCSF	6.3	4.5	4.2	1.9
CFPP	3.4	−2.3	−3.2	−10.5	−11	11.4
CP	9.8	10.7	6.5	5	−3.3	13
PP	3.9	4.9	0.3	0.3	−9.8	11.8
APE	57.5	38	72.6	74.1
BAPE	37	26	47.8	48.5
OS	7.95	17.3	6.3	8.9
υ	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.9	4.4	4.6	1.8, lower limit in the USA^a
ρ	0.69	0.74	0.7	0.75	0.87	0.89	0.86, lower limit in the EU^a

SFA saturated fatty acid (%), MUFA mono unsaturated fatty acid (%), PUFA poly unsaturated fatty acid (%), SV saponification value (mg/g), IV iodine value, CN cetane number, LCSF long-chain saturated factor, CFPP cold filter plugging point (°C), CP cloud point (°C), PP pour point (°C), APE allylic position equivalent, BAPE bis-allylic position equivalent, OS oxidation stability (h), υ kinematic viscosity (mm²/s), ρ density (g/cm³)
^aGrowing Biofilm #52 in F2 + Si
^bFeedstock: canola, jatropha, rapeseed, palm and soybean
^cGiakoumis et al. [68]

ISSN: 2731-3654