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Fig. 5 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 5

From: Efficient itaconic acid production from glycerol with Ustilago vetiveriae TZ1

Fig. 5

Controlled batch cultivations of U. vetiveriae TZ1 with different nitrogen concentrations. a OD600, b itaconate concentration, and c malate concentration, for cultures in MTM containing 200 g L−1 initial glycerol at 30 °C and pH 6.5 with DO kept at 80%. Colors indicate different initial nitrogen concentrations: 5 g L−1 yeast extract (circles, red), 1.6 g L−1 NH4Cl (diamonds, light green), 3.2 g L−1 NH4Cl (squares, dark green), and 6.4 g L−1 NH4Cl with doubled concentration of all medium components except glycerol (triangles, black). Error bars indicate deviation from the mean (n = 2)

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