Fig. 4
From: Pilot-scale steam explosion pretreatment with 2-naphthol to overcome high softwood recalcitrance
Sugar yields in pretreatment liquor (a, b) and biomass composition (c, d) after steam explosion pretreatments without additive and with 2-naphthol addition by mixing and impregnation. Sugar yields are expressed as % of raw biomass content. AIL acid-insoluble lignin, ASL acid-soluble lignin. Pretreatment conditions: T = 235 °C, t = 2.5–20 min, Δp explosion = 30 bar, 1.5 kg wood chips, 35.36 g 2-naphthol