From: Pilot-scale steam explosion pretreatment with 2-naphthol to overcome high softwood recalcitrance
References | Stages | Additive/catalyst | T/°C | t/min | Feedstock | Washing after pret. | FPU g−1 cellulose | Glucose EH/% | Mannose EH/% | Glucose P/% | Mannose P/% | Total sugar/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 1 | – | 235 | 5 | Spruce chips <30 mm | No | 15 | 31 | 0 | 7 | 32 | 36 |
30 | 45 | 2 | 46 | |||||||||
60 | 58 | 3 | 63 | |||||||||
 | 1 | 2-Naphthol admixed | 235 | 5 | Spruce chips <30 mm | No | 15 | 44 | 4 | 8 | 35 | 48 |
30 | 67 | 2 | 63 | |||||||||
60 | 86 | 13 | 80 | |||||||||
 | 1 | 2-Naphthol, acetone imp. | 235 | 5 | Spruce chips <30 mm | No | 15 | 67 | 1 | 5 | 16 | 55 |
30 | 93 | 2 | 70 | |||||||||
60 | 98 | 2 | 73 | |||||||||
 | 1 | 2-Naphthol, ethanol imp. | 235 | 5 | Spruce chips <30 mm | No | 15 | 81 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 64 |
30 | 95 | 2 | 74 | |||||||||
 | 60 | 95 | 5 | 75 | ||||||||
Ballesteros et al. [46] | 1 | – | 210 | 4 | Pine chips 8–12 mm | Yes | 32 | 32 |  |  | 60 | 41 |
Fang et al. [38] | 1 | H2SO a4 | 200 |  | Spruce chips 1–20 mm | Yes | 39 | 26 |  | 5 | 10 | 42 |
1 | SO b2 | 210 | 5.5 | Spruce chips 2.2–10 mm | Yes | 30 | 58 |  | 13 | 52 | 66 | |
1 | H2SO c4 | 210 | 1 | Spruce chips <30Â mm | Yes | 30 | 39 | Â | 33 | 55 | 67 | |
Monavari et al. [47] | 1 | SO d2 | 200 | 20 | Spruce chips 5–6 mm | Yes | 28 | 51 | 7 | 15 | 78 | 71 |
Nguyen et al. [50] | 1 | H2SO e4 | 215 | 1.7 | Fir + Pine chips <12.7 mm | Yes | 60 | 50 |  | 30 | 65 | 75 |
2 | H2SO f4 | 180/200 | 10/2 | Spruce sawdust | Yes | 30 | 36 | Â | 41 | 96 | 77 | |
2 | SO g2 | 190/220 | 2/5 | Spruce chips 2.2–10 mm | Yes | 30 | 45 |  | 35 | 95 | 80 | |
Nguyen et al. [50] | 2 | H2SO h4 | 180/210 | 4/1.5 | Fir + Pine chips <12.7 mm | Yes | 60 | 25 |  | 57 | 84 | 82 |