Fig. 5

Conversion of glucose, xylose, and p-coumaric acid, both individually and mixed, into bisabolene by R. toruloides. Bisabolene titers, growth, and carbon utilization of strain BIS3 grown in SD medium supplemented with different carbon sources: a 0.5% glucose, b 0.5% xylose, c 0.5% p-coumaric acid, and d 0.5% glucose, 0.5% xylose, 0.5% p-coumaric acid. Left panels: lines represent ODs, bars represent bisabolene titers. Right panels: glucose (red), xylose (black), p-coumaric acid (blue). 5 mL cultures in test tubes were set up at a starting OD of 0.1 with a 20% dodecane overlay. At each time point, the dodecane layer was sampled and analyzed for bisabolene and the aqueous layer was sampled for OD measurement and carbon utilization analysis (n = 3, data shown as average ± standard deviation, representative from at least four independent experiments)