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Table 2 Biomass and lipid production of Y. lipolytica on synthetic VFA under different culture conditions

From: Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica culture with synthetic and food waste-derived volatile fatty acids for lipid production

Carbon source

Biomass (g/L)

Lipid conc. (g/L)

Lipid content (wt %)

Y X/S (g/g)

Y L/S (g/g)

Lag phase (day)

(A) 28 °C, initial pH 6.0, 180 rpm

 Glucose (g/L)

  2.5

2.363 ± 0.055

0.880 ± 0.015

37.27 ± 0.63

0.945 ± 0.022

0.352 ± 0.006

< 3 h

 Acetic acid (g/L)

  2.5

2.327 ± 0.074

0.724 ± 0.016

31.12 ± 1.05

0.931 ± 0.030

0.290 ± 0.006

< 3 h

  5

3.257 ± 0.124

1.036 ± 0.025

31.62 ± 0.91

0.651 ± 0.024

0.207 ± 0.005

< 3 h

  10

4.587 ± 0.162

1.174 ± 0.029

25.80 ± 1.22

0.459 ± 0.016

0.117 ± 0.003

1 ± 0

  20

7.443 ± 0.303

0.992 ± 0.045

13.13 ± 1.42

0.372 ± 0.015

0.050 ± 0.002

5 ± 2

 Propionic acid (g/L)

  2.5

2.147 ± 0.089

0.610 ± 0.018

28.36 ± 0.74

0.859 ± 0.036

0.244 ± 0.007

< 3 h

  5

2.500 ± 0.102

0.675 ± 0.010

27.38 ± 0.46

0.500 ± 0.020

0.135 ± 0.002

1 ± 0

  10

3.137 ± 0.220

0.676 ± 0.037

22.08 ± 1.21

0.314 ± 0.022

0.068 ± 0.004

9 ± 1

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

 Butyric acid (g/L)

  2.5

1.917 ± 0.065

0.548 ± 0.015

28.91 ± 0.66

0.767 ± 0.026

0.219 ± 0.006

< 3 h

  5

2.800 ± 0.132

0.554 ± 0.020

19.53 ± 1.08

0.560 ± 0.026

0.111 ± 0.004

2 ± 0

  10

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

(B) 38 °C, initial pH 6.0, 180 rpm

 Glucose (g/L)

  2.5

2.290 ± 0.082

0.758 ± 0.032

33.12 ± 0.85

0.916 ± 0.033

0.303 ± 0.012

< 3 h

 Acetic acid (g/L)

  2.5

2.307 ± 0.080

0.702 ± 0.020

30.78 ± 0.85

0.923 ± 0.032

0.281 ± 0.008

1 ± 0

  5

2.405 ± 0.124

0.722 ± 0.023

30.12 ± 1.20

0.481 ± 0.025

0.144 ± 0.005

2 ± 0

  10

2.780 ± 0.105

0.803 ± 0.035

29.12 ± 0.79

0.278 ± 0.011

0.080 ± 0.004

2 ± 0

  20

3.077 ± 0.150

0.566 ± 0.033

18.89 ± 1.51

0.154 ± 0.008

0.028 ± 0.002

9 ± 1

 Propionic acid (g/L)

  2.5

1.290 ± 0.056

0.363 ± 0.015

28.03 ± 0.74

0.516 ± 0.022

0.145 ± 0.006

2 ± 0

  5

1.400 ± 0.082

0.314 ± 0.021

22.61 ± 1.07

0.280 ± 0.016

0.063 ± 0.004

6 ± 1

  10

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

 Butyric acid (g/L)

  2.5

1.333 ± 0.070

0.347 ± 0.022

26.07 ± 1.58

0.532 ± 0.028

0.139 ± 0.009

2 ± 0

  5

1.430 ± 0.109

0.232 ± 0.038

16.82 ± 1.53

0.286 ± 0.022

0.046 ± 0.008

24 ± 3

  10

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

(C) 28 °C, pH uncontrolled, 180 rpm

 Glucose (g/L)

  2.5

2.333 ± 0.060

0.802 ± 0.020

34.46 ± 0.82

0.933 ± 0.024

0.320 ± 0.008

< 3 h

 Acetic acid (g/L)

  2.5

1.811 ± 0.070

0.469 ± 0.014

26.12 ± 1.16

0.724 ± 0.028

0.188 ± 0.006

1 ± 0

  5

2.862 ± 0.125

0.675 ± 0.021

23.55 ± 1.07

0.572 ± 0.025

0.135 ± 0.004

13 ± 2

  10

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

 Propionic acid (g/L)

  2.5

1.784 ± 0.093

0.351 ± 0.029

19.56 ± 1.42

0.714 ± 0.037

0.140 ± 0.012

6 ± 1

  5

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  10

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

 Butyric acid (g/L)

  2.5

1.823 ± 0.160

0.266 ± 0.040

15.22 ± 1.96

0.729 ± 0.064

0.106 ± 0.016

17 ± 2

  5

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  10

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  20

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

  1. All the results presented are the mean values ± SD for three independent replicates
  2. Biomass was harvested at the end of the stationary phase, which was identified by analyzing the OD600 value of culture broth, within an observation period of 30 days. Ammonia chloride with an initial concentration of 260 mg-N/L was used as a nitrogen source for Y. lipolytica. Except for the cell growth N.D. cultures, all cultures completely consumed carbon sources and nitrogen sources during the harvesting of biomass
  3. N.D. not detected; Y X/S growth yield coefficient, g DCW/g VFAs; Y L/S lipid yield coefficient, g lipid/g VFAs; Lag phase the period from the inoculation to the start of exponential phase
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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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