Table 1 Overview of different microbial strains including Pichia pastoris (our work) engineered to produce isobutanol and isobutyl acetate
From: Metabolic engineering of Pichia pastoris for production of isobutanol and isobutyl acetate
Strain name/host strain | Overexpressed genes | Carbon source (g/L) | Specific growth rate (h−1) | Product | Average titer (g/L) | Yield (mg/g carbon source) | Productivity (mg/L h)/maximum productivity (mg/L h) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Escherichia coli | ||||||||
 JCL260 | LlkivD, ScADH2, BsalsS, ilvCD | Glucose (36) | Not reported | Isobutanol | 22 | 350 (between 40 and 112 h) | 196.4 | Atsumi et al. [8] |
 JCL260 ΔpoxB | LlkivD, ScADH2, BsalsS, ilvCD | Glucose (fed batch fermentation) | ~ 0.6 | Isobutanol | 50.8 ± 1.1a | 290a | 705.6a | Baez et al. [36] |
Synechococcus elongatus | ||||||||
 PCC7942 | LlkivD, EcYqhD, BsalsS, EcilvCD Rubisco | Carbon dioxide | Not reported | Isobutanol | 0.45 | Not reported | 3.12 | Atsumi et al. [10] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ||||||||
 CEN.PK2-1C Δilv2 | ScIlv2_cytosolic, ScIlv3_cytosolic, ScIlv5_cytosolic, ScARO10, ScADH2 | Glucose (40) | Not reported | Isobutanol | 0.630 | 14.18 | 6.56 | Brat et al. [15] |
 BY4741 × Y3929 (diploid) | ScIlv2, ScIlv3, ScIlv5, ScARO10_mitochondrial, adhA_mitochondrial | Glucose (100) | Not reported | Isobutanol | 0.635 ± 0.023 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 20.5 ± 1.2 | Avalos et al. [14] |
 YPH499 Δlpd1 | ScIlv2, ScIlv2_cytosolic, ScIlv3_cytosolic, ScIlv5_cytosolic, LlkivD, ScADH6, ScMAE1 | Glucose (100) (Semi-anaerobic) | Not reported | Isobutanol | 1.620 | 16.00 | 67.5 | Matsuda et al. [11] |
Pichia pastoris | ||||||||
 KM71 | None | Glucose (100) | 0.120 ± 0.002 | Isobutanol | 0.037 ± 0.005 | 0.37 | 0.52/1.22 | This study |
 PP100 | LlkivD, ScADH7 | Glucose (100) | 0.122 ± 0.001 | Isobutanol | 0.049 ± 0.006 | 0.49 | 0.68/1.68 | This study |
 PP200 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3 | Glucose (100) | 0.123 ± 0.001 | Isobutanol | 0.048 ± 0.001 | 0.48 | 0.66/1.98 | This study |
 PP300 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized), PpIlv2 (codon optimized) | Glucose (100) | 0.107 ± 0.002 | Isobutanol | 0.885 ± 0.011 | 8.85 | 12.29/31.80 | This study |
 PP300 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized), PpIlv2 (codon optimized) | Glucose (20) | 0.107 ± 0.001 | Isobutanol | 0.200 ± 0.001 | 2.00 | 2.78/9.60 | This study |
 PP310 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized), PpIlv2 (codon optimized) and further overexpression of PpIlv6 and PpIlv2 by integration of another copy of the gene cassette | Glucose (100) | 0.092 ± 0.002 | Isobutanol | 1.699 ± 0.073 | 16.99 | 23.60/60.41 | This study |
 PP302 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized) and PpIlv2 (codon optimized) and further episomal-plasmid based expression of LlkivD and ScADH7 | Glucose (100) | 0.096 ± 0.001 | Isobutanol | 1.716 ± 0.054 | 17.16 | 23.83/60.92 | This study |
 PP303 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized) and PpIlv2 (codon optimized) and further episomal-plasmid based expression of PpIlv5 and PpIlv3 | Glucose (100) | 0.108 ± 0.004 | Isobutanol | 1.745 ± 0.090 | 17.45 | 24.23/67.97 | This study |
 PP304 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized) and PpIlv2 (codon optimized) and further episomal-plasmid based expression of PpIlv6 and PpIlv2 | Glucose (100) | 0.109 ± 0.002 | Isobutanol | 2.221 ± 0.048 | 22.21 | 30.84/60.88 | This study |
 PP400 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized), PpIlv2 (codon optimized) and ScATF1 | Glucose (100) | 0.099 ± 0.001 | Isobutyl acetate | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.06 | This study |
 PP401 | LlkivD, ScADH7, PpIlv5, PpIlv3, PpIlv6 (codon optimized), PpIlv2 (codon optimized) and episomal-plasmid based expression of ScATF1 | Glucose (100) | 0.091 ± 0.001 | Isobutyl acetate | 0.051 ± 0.007 | 0.51 | 0.53 | This study |