Fig. 3

Effects of overexpression of key upstream genes on styrene production. a Effect of overexpression of aroF and pheA genes on styrene production. E. coli BL0501 and BL0500 cells were cultivated and their cell growth (OD600) and styrene production titers were compared. b Effect of overexpression of aroF, pheA, ppsA, and tktA genes on styrene production. E. coli BL0801, BL08, and BL0500 cells were cultivated and their cell growth (OD600) and styrene production titers were compared. c Optimization of induction length. E. coli BL0801 cells were induced for 24, 36, and 48 h and their cell growth (OD600) and styrene production titers were compared. Error bars represent one standard deviation from triplicate experiments