Fig. 6

Lipid fermentation performance of lignin produced by combinatorial pretreatment using R. opacus PD630 (a1, b1, and c1) and engineered R. opacus PD630_FA (a2, b2, c2). Fermentation conditions: 15-g/l soluble substrate concentration, OD 1.0, 1.4-g/l (NH₄)₂SO₄, pH 7.0, 30 °C, 200 rpm, and 96 h. Lignin 1 lignin sample produced from pretreatment Case 1, as described in Table 1