Fig. 3

Putative lignin biosynthesis pathway in Brachypodium distachyon. Brachypodium can use both phenylalanine and tyrosine as substrates for lignin biosynthesis. At this point, the direct conversion of p-coumaric acid into caffeic acid and the existence of C3H in this organism are speculative. Reactions shown in the shaded box have not been fully explored in the current literature