Fig.Ā 4From: Mathematical models of lignin biosynthesisProposed compartmentalized pathway of lignin biosynthesis in B. distachyon. The blue arrows represent enzymatic reactions within each compartment. The blue arrows marked by orange stars depict reactions whose catalytic enzymes are bound to the outer ER surface. The red arrows show diffusion fluxes between the compartments. The two yellow arrows are effluxes. The quantity r is a compensation constant to address the different volumes of the compartmentBack to article page