Fig. 3From: From nano- to micrometer scale: the role of microwave-assisted acid and alkali pretreatments in the sugarcane biomass structureComparison of the macromolecular ultrastructure of the untreated and pretreated sugarcane bagasse cell walls. AFM amplitude and phase images of the untreated (a, b), mw-acid (c, d), and mw-alkali pretreated SB (e, f) at the temperature of 160 °C for 30 min. Scanned area of 1 × 1 µmBack to article page