Bridging the gap between feedstock growers and users: the study of a coppice poplar-based biorefinery

Table 3 Plantation economics: including land feedstock productivity, land needed to meet the capacity of a commercial-scale biorefinery, and additional revenue of selling surplus feedstock

Site	Hybrid	Plantation economics			Biorefinery economics
		Land feedstock productivity	Land needed^a	Additional revenue^c	Ethanol conversion yield	Annual ethanol production	Annual ethanol revenue
		(tonne/acre/year)	(MM acre/year)^b	($MM/year)	(liter/tonne)	(MM liter/year)	($MM/year)
Jefferson	Low-productivity	2.78	0.25	–	214	150	63
Jefferson	High-productivity	3.75	0.19	3.46	179	125	53
Clarksburg	Low-productivity	1.59	0.44	–	223	156	66
Clarksburg	High-productivity	1.78	0.39	2.53	205	143	60

Biorefinery economics: including conversion efficiency, annual ethanol production, and annual ethanol revenue using different poplar hybrids from two sites
^aLand area required to meet the biorefinery with feedstock capacity of 700,000 dry tonne/year
^bMM stands for one million
^cFeedstock grower additional revenue calculated based on selling surplus feedstock at the price of $53/tonne [19]