Table 1 Composition of pretreated biomass feedstocks and their resulting isolated lignin-rich residues

55.5 ± 3.1^ab

14.7 ± 0.8^a

23.8 ± 2.3^cd

20.9 ± 0.5^b

5.4 ± 0.2^a

60.4 ± 1.3^f

55.7 ± 1.3^ab

11.2 ± 0.5^b

22.4 ± 0.8^d

14.5 ± 0.1^d

3.2 ± 0.1^bc

75.4 ± 0.9^de

61.2 ± 1.1^a

6.4 ± 0.1^e

19.9 ± 3.9^d

7.2 ± 0.2^f

1.6 ± 0.0^e

79.5 ± 1.6^bc

53.6 ± 2.6^b

11.3 ± 0.4^b

32.5 ± 2.1^ab

33.9 ± 0.7^a

5.7 ± 0.1^a

58.5 ± 0.7^f

54.7 ± 2.8^ab

7.8 ± 0.6^d

32.2 ± 0.5^ab

18.9 ± 0.6^c

3.0 ± 0.1^c

73.1 ± 0.8^e

55.9 ± 2.1^ab

4.5 ± 0.2^f

35.6 ± 0.3^a

11.7 ± 0.5^e

1.4 ± 0.0^e

81.9 ± 0.3^b

54.8 ± 0.6^ab

14.7 ± 0.0^a

29.3 ± 0.7^bc

13.7 ± 0.6^d

3.4 ± 0.1^b

77.7 ± 0.7^cd

58.2 ± 4.7^ab

9.8 ± 0.4^c

30.8 ± 0.7^ab

7.9 ± 0.0^f

2.0 ± 0.0^d

86.2 ± 0.1^a

61.2 ± 2.5^a

6.5 ± 0.2^e

30.3 ± 1.1^b

5.3 ± 0.1^g

1.1 ± 0.0^f

87.8 ± 1.0^a