Fig. 8

Lignin biosynthesis in multiple dehydration stresses. This model was established based on data from the KEGG database (map00940) and published papers (Shen et al. [63]; Xu et al. [64]; Escamilla-Treviño et al. [65]; Fu et al. [66, 67]). Thicker lines indicate the routes that are most strongly supported by both biochemical and genetic evidence. PAL phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4CL 4-coumarate CoA ligase, C4H cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C3′H 4-coumaroyl shikimate 3′-hydroxylase, CCoAOMT caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, HCT hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, F5H ferulate 5-hydroxylase, CCR cinnamoyl CoA reductase, COMT caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, CAD cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase