Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 1

From: Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of succinate from lignocellulosic hydrolysate

Fig. 1

Succinate biosynthesis pathway of C. glutamicum. The bold black arrows indicate metabolic fluxes increased by overexpression or introduction of the corresponding genes. The gray arrows indicate the reactions leading to a byproduct or presumably irrelevant reactions. Deleted genes are indicated with crosses. Metabolites: G6P glucose-6-phosphate, 6PGL 6-phosphoglucono-1,5-lactone, 6PG 6-phosphogluconate, Ru5P ribulose-5-phosphate, Xu5P xylulose-5-phosphate, R5P ribose-5-phosphate, G3P glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, S7P sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, F6P fructose-6-phosphate, FBP fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, E4P erythrose-4-phosphate, DHAP dihydroxyacetone, DPG glycerate-1,3-diphosphate, 3PG glycerate-3-phosphate, 2PG glycerate-2-phosphate, PEP phosphoenolpyruvate, PYR pyruvate, AcP acetyl phosphate, AcCoA acetyl-CoA. Genes and their encoded enzymes: iolT encoding myo-inositol permease, glk encoding glucokinase, ptsG encoding glucose-EII of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS), pgi encoding glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, araE encoding a H+ symporter protein, xylA encoding xylose isomerase, xylB encoding xylulokinase, zwf and opcA encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, devB encoding 6-phosphogluconolactonase, gnd encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, tkt encoding transketolase, tal encoding transaldolase, pqo encoding pyruvate: quinone oxidoreductase, pta encoding phosphotransacetylase, ackA encoding acetate kinase, cat encoding acetyl-CoA:CoA transferase, aceE encoding pyruvate complex dehydrogenase E1 component, ppc encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyc encoding pyruvate carboxylase, mdh encoding malate dehydrogenase, gltA encoding citrate synthase, sucE encoding succinate exporter

Back to article page