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Table 3 Kinetics of ABE fermentation without/with VSVP process
| Fermentation parameters | Batch fermentation without VSVP | Batch fermentation with VSVP |
|---|---|---|
| Fermentation time (h) | 40 | 59 |
| Glucose consumed (g/L) | 66.2 ± 0.7 | 93.0 ± 0.7 |
| Glucose consumption rate (g/L h) | 1.66 | 1.57 |
| Maximum OD600 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 |
| Butanol production (g/L) | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 19.6 ± 0.8 |
| Acetone production (g/L) | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 9.8 ± 0.3 |
| Ethanol production (g/L) | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 |
| Total ABE production (g/L) | 17.7 ± 0.8 | 31.2 ± 1.2 |
| Butanol productivitya (g/L h) | 0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.02 |
| ABE productivitya (g/L h) | 0.55 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.02 and 0.49 ± 0.02 |
| Butanol yield (g/g) | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 |
| ABE yield (g/g) | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.02 |
| Acetic acid produced (g/L) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| Butyric acid produced (g/L) | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
