Table 3 Kinetics of ABE fermentation without/with VSVP process

Fermentation time (h)

40

59

Glucose consumed (g/L)

66.2 ± 0.7

93.0 ± 0.7

Glucose consumption rate (g/L h)

1.66

1.57

Maximum OD₆₀₀

3.2 ± 0.1

3.7 ± 0.1

Butanol production (g/L)

11.4 ± 0.5

19.6 ± 0.8

Acetone production (g/L)

5.0 ± 0.2

9.8 ± 0.3

Ethanol production (g/L)

1.3 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.1

Total ABE production (g/L)

17.7 ± 0.8

31.2 ± 1.2

Butanol productivity^a (g/L h)

0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.23 ± 0.02

0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.02

ABE productivity^a (g/L h)

0.55 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.03

0.56 ± 0.02 and 0.49 ± 0.02

Butanol yield (g/g)

0.17 ± 0.01

0.21 ± 0.01

ABE yield (g/g)

0.27 ± 0.01

0.34 ± 0.02

Acetic acid produced (g/L)

1.2 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.1

Butyric acid produced (g/L)

1.7 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1