Fig. 1

Glutamic acid fermentation of C. glutamicum S9114 in the complex medium and CSH. a In the biotin-limited complex medium. b In the non-detoxified CSH. c Inhibitor degradation in the non-detoxified CSH. d In the CSH (15% solid content, w/w). Fermentation was carried out in 250 mL flasks containing 30 mL of complex medium or corn stover hydrolysate as described in the Methods section. Mean values were presented with error bars representing at least two standard deviations