Table 1 Composition of biomass feedstocks (before pre-treatment) used in this study; composition of water insoluble substrates (WIS) after steam-explosion; carbohydrates composition of WIS after steam-explosion and hydrolysis

35.0 ± 1.5

31.4 ± 0.6

30.2 ± 0.2

19.0 ± 1.1

14.9 ± 0.2

16.7 ± 0.1

14.0 ± 1.1

12.1 ± 0.1

12.5 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 1.1

0.6 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.1

29.4 ± 1.7

27.8 ± 1.7

21.0 ± 1.4

54.0 ± 1.6

44.3 ± 0.3

46.8 ± 0.1

49.0 ± 0.8

44.7 ± 0.2

6.0 ± 0.2

5.8 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.1

4.9 ± 0.1

3.1 ± 0.1

32.8 ± 0.7

44.0 ± 1.2

47.1 ± 0.1

38.9 ± 0.9

44.3 ± 0.6

38.7 ± 0.9

40.6 ± 0.2

44.8 ± 0.2

40.5 ± 0.1

37.3 ± 0.2

4.7 ± 0.3

5.1 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0

3.6 ± 0.1

3.1 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 0.1

78.7 ± 1.5

55.0 ± 0.2

63.2 ± 0.2

44.6 ± 0.3

55.2 ± 0.2