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Table 1 The orthogonal design and analysis of acid hydrolysis of corn husk at four different levels of acid concentration, corn husk to sulfuric acid ratio, time, and temperature

From: Production of butyric acid from acid hydrolysate of corn husk in fermentation by Clostridium tyrobutyricum: kinetics and process economic analysis

No.

Factor

Total reducing sugars (g L−1)

Acid concentration (M)

Corn husk to sulfuric acid (w:v)

Time (h)

Temperature (°C)

1

0.2

1:10

2

90

4.83

2

0.2

1:15

4

100

12.36

3

0.2

1:20

6

110

16.48

4

0.2

1:25

8

120

32.81

5

0.3

1:10

4

110

21.59

6

0.3

1:15

2

120

36.82

7

0.3

1:20

8

90

11.93

8

0.3

1:25

6

100

13.92

9

0.4

1:10

6

120

50.67

10

0.4

1:15

8

110

28.55

11

0.4

1:20

2

100

12.39

13

0.5

1:10

8

100

18.86

15

0.5

1:20

4

120

40.0

16

0.5

1:25

2

110

25.43

Value

     

 k1

16.62

23.99

19.87

11.43

 

 k2

21.07

23.87

21.29

14.38

 

 k3

25.71

20.20

24.70

23.01

 

 k4

25.51

20.85

23.04

40.08

 

 R

9.09

3.79

4.83

28.65

 
  1. k1–k4 values are the mean values of total reducing sugars for each factor at levels 1–4, respectively; R is the range or difference between the maximum and minimum k values for each factor. A larger R value indicates a greater effect of the factor on the process
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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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