Heterotrophic cultivation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides using forest biomass as a feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production

Table 5 Assessment of biodiesel properties by empirical formulas

Biodiesel properties	Units	GSM; C/N 60	OPBH; C/N 60	OPSH; C/N 60	Biodiesel standards
					ASTM D6751	EN 14214
					Limits	Limits
Long chain saturation factor	–	2.36	2.32	2.44	–	–
Oxidative stability, 110 °C	h	10.27	10.31	10.30	3 min	6 min
Density	g/cm³	0.86	0.86	0.86	–	0.86–0.90
Cold filter plugging point	°C	− 9.08	− 9.19	− 8.81	–	–
Cetane number	–	52.93	52.94	53.25	47 min	51 min
Kinematic viscosity	mm²/s	3.87	3.89	3.84	1.9–6.0	3.5–5
Saponification value	mg KOH/g-oil	198.43	199.11	196.88	0.50 min	0.50 min
Iodine value	mgI₂/100 g	92.75	92.31	92.34	–	120 max
High heating value	MJ/kg	39.09	39.20	38.82	–	–

–, not reported; min, minimum; max, maximum
Estimation of biodiesel properties based on the fatty acid profiles of A. protothecoides grown on GSM, OPBH, and OPSH and comparison with the international standards

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