Effect of overliming and activated carbon detoxification on inhibitors removal and butanol fermentation of poplar prehydrolysates

Zhang, Yu; Xia, Changlei; Lu, Mingming; Tu, Maobing

doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1182-0

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Table 1 Effect of overliming and AC detoxification on inhibitors removal

From: Effect of overliming and activated carbon detoxification on inhibitors removal and butanol fermentation of poplar prehydrolysates

GC peak	Compound name	RT^a (min)	m/z	Inhibitor concentration^b (mg L⁻¹)
GC peak	Compound name	RT^a (min)	m/z	Untreated	Overliming	5.0% AC	Overliming + 2.5% AC	Overliming + 5.0% AC
	Furan derivatives			4444.3	1078.6	995.1	897.3	408.7
1*	Furfural	4.089	96	3360.9	736.8	721.8	789.3	378.4
2*	2-Acetylfuran	5.706	110	3.3	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8
5*	5-Methylfurfural	6.794	110	156.3	27.5	16.8	25.3	1.9
7*	Cyclotene	7.965	112	3.8	1.0	1.7	0.7	NA
8**	2,5-Furandicarboxyaldehyde	9.063	124	148.8^c	29.9^c	53.6^c	11.6^c	7.1^c
9**	2-Furyl hydroxymethyl ketone	9.15	126	88.4^c	59.5^c	20.3^c	34.1^c	5.9^c
10*	5-Ethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde	9.226	124	57.3	6.2	17.6	4.4	3.1
12*	Hydroxymethylfurfural	12.199	126	625.5	216.8	162.4	31.0	11.6
	Aliphatic derivatives			26.8	11.2	22.3	7.2	5.2
3*	2,5-Hexanedione	6.094	114	24.9	10.4	20.5	7.2	5.2
4**	3-Hexen-2-one	6.286	98	1.9^d	0.8^d	1.9^d	NA	NA
	Aromatic monomers			1198.8	383.5	17.0	48.2	4.5
6*	Phenol	7.109	94	68.2	16.7	5.3	5.1	2.7
11*	Benzoic acid	11.007	122	74.9	3.8	4.7	0.4	NA
13*	3′-Methoxyacetophenone	13.211	150	5.6	2.1	NA	0.8	NA
14*	3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde	13.74	154	6.4	1.7	0.4	0.2	NA
15*	Vanillin	14.458	152	72.8	25.8	NA	NA	NA
16***	Homovanillin	15.263	166	17.0^e	1.9^e	NA	NA	NA
17*	Acetovanillone	15.636	166	10.3	9.2	NA	0.1	NA
18*	Guaiacylacetone	16.188	180	205.5	73.5	2.0	12.8	0.9
19**	1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-dione	16.942	194	121.0^e	20.3^e	2.1^e	4.9^e	0.2^e
20***	1-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)propane-1,2-dione	17.522	196	23.1^e	9.8^e	0.2^e	1.0^e	NA
21*	Syringaldehyde	17.826	182	110.0	36.3	0.3	1.7	NA
22***	Hydroxypropiovanillone	18.189	196	83.4^e	41.2^e	0.7^e	3.5^e	NA
23**	Homosyringaldehyde	18.29	196	9.7^f	0.9^f	NA	0.1^f	NA
24**	1-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-one	18.617	196	0.7^e	NA	NA	NA	NA
25*	Acetosyringone	18.653	196	57.8	27.0	NA	0.2	NA
26*	Syringylacetone	19.055	210	88.5	29.7	0.3	9.5	0.7
27*	1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone	19.142	194	11.3^e	2.1^e	NA	NA	NA
28***	1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-dione	19.672	224	104.8^f	15.4^f	0.8^f	5.7^f	NA
29***	1-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanone	20.179	226	6.7^f	4.4^f	0.2^f	0.3^f	NA
30***	2-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one	20.701	226	37.5^f	29.2^f	NA	1.5^f	NA
31***	2-Hydroxy-1-syringyl-ethanone	21.14	226	59.7^f	23.7^f	NA	0.4^f	NA
32***	1-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanedione	21.517	238	4.9^f	2.8^f	NA	NA	NA
33***	(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-acetaldehyde	21.822	224	9.5^f	0.4^f	NA	NA	NA
35***	1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pentane-1,2-dione	23.388	252	9.5^f	5.4^f	NA	NA	NA
	Aromatic dimers			45.9	14.2	NA	NA	NA
34***	Gentisein	22.333	244	5.6^f	4.0^f	NA	NA	NA
36***	2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone	24.465	274	2.4^f	1.9^f	NA	NA	NA
37***	4-Hydroxyphenyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	26.633	304	4.8^f	2.1^f	NA	NA	NA
38***	1,2-Bis(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone	27.666	288	5.3^f	2.6^f	NA	NA	NA
39***	1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanon	29.714	318	4.5^f	1.1^f	NA	NA	NA
40***	2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone	29.725	318	2.2^f	0.6^f	NA	NA	NA
41***	2-Syringylacetosyringone	30.345	362	2.0^f	0.2^f	NA	NA	NA
42***	Vanillosyringil	30.748	332	1.8^f	0.2^f	NA	NA	NA
43***	1,2-bis(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone	31.397	348	8.4^f	0.6^f	NA	NA	NA
44***	Syringil	32.299	362	1.7^f	NA	NA	NA	NA
45***	1-(4-Acetyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dione	34.138	388	2.3^f	0.9^f	NA	NA	NA
46***	Phenol, 4,4′-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis[2,6-dimethoxy-,diacetate	36.744	418	4.9^f	NA	NA	NA	NA

* The compounds verified with standard
** The compounds compared with reference mass spectrum
*** The compounds derived by the fragments
^aRT are shortened for the retention time
^bInhibitor residual was calculated based on the intergradation area of each compound
^cThe concentration was determined by the calibration of hydroxymethylfurfural
^dThe concentration was determined by the calibration of 2,5-hexanedione
^eThe concentration was determined by the calibration of vanillin
^fThe concentration was determined by the calibration of syringaldehyde

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