High-value biomass from microalgae production platforms: strategies and progress based on carbon metabolism and energy conversion

Table 3 Carbon allocating in carbon fixation and lipid biosynthesis by metabolic engineering

	Species	Carbon source	Product	Results	Strategy	References
Light-dependent reaction	C. reinhardtii	CO₂	Biomass	Solar conversion efficiencies and photosynthetic productivity are enhanced	Reducing antenna size	[98]
Light-dependent reaction	Anabeana simensis	CO₂	Biomass	Solar conversion efficiencies, photosynthetic productivity and growth rate are effected	Changing pigment composition	[99]
CO₂ fixation	–	CO₂	Biomass	Solar conversion efficiencies are enhanced	Reducing Rubisco oxygen affinity or increasing Rubisco catalytic rate	[100]
	Synechocystis 6803	CO₂	Ethylene	10% of fixed carbon is diverted into ethylene and photosynthetic activities is increased	Engineering TCA cycle	[7]
	Synechocystis 6803	CO₂	Acetate	More than 20% of carbon is channeled into the triose sink	Engineering PP pathway	[101]
Product biosynthesis	C. reinhardtii	CO₂	Carotenoid	2.0- and 2.2-fold of carotenoids violaxanthin and lutein are increased	Overexpressing PSY	[102]
Product biosynthesis	Thalassiosira pseudonana	Protein, carbohydrate	Lipid	3.3-fold increase of lipids	Engineering a multifunctional lipase/phospholipase/acyltransferase	[103]

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