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Table 1 Quantification of lignin–carbohydrate linkages in LCC

From: Lignin–carbohydrate complexes: properties, applications, analyses, and methods of extraction: a review

LCC preparation

Amounts of LCC linkages per 100 Ar

Benzyl ether

PhyGlc

Îł-Ester

Softwood LCC

 Pine LCC-AcOH [21]

4.3

6.8

4.5

 Spruce GM–L [17]

3.8

4.4

ND

 Spruce Xyl–L [17]

6.1

ND

ND

Hardwood LCC

 Birch LCC-AcOH [21]

0.7

5.4

5.6

 Eucalypt LCC-AcOH [74]

0.3–0.9

5.0–7.9

ND

Herbaceous LCC

 A. Donax Björkman LCC [24]

251

42

3

 Wheat Björkman LCC [23]

50

2

14

 A. Donax LCC-AcOH [24]

4

ND

0.14