Fig. 1From: Optimizing the localization of astaxanthin enzymes for improved productivityA schematic diagram of the astaxanthin and β-ionone synthesis pathways. The complex astaxanthin synthesis pathway comprises two enzymes, β-carotene ketolase (CrtW) and β-carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ), which perform four interchangeable reactions initiated from β-carotene, the substrate of the reactionBack to article page