Fig. 5
From: From beech wood to itaconic acid: case study on biorefinery process integration
a Reactive extraction of itaconic acid with different mixtures of isopropyl myristate (IPM) and trioctylamine (TOA). Conditions: contact time per measurement 2 h, T = 25 °C. b–d Back extraction of itaconic acid based on b pH-shift by adding NaOH, c its efficiency, and d final concentration. Further details and information were published by Kreyenschulte et al. [82]