Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

Table 1 Manipulation of stress factors by phytohormones

Species	Phytohormones	Stress	Performance	References
Scenedesmus quadricauda	ABA	Nitrogen-deficient stress	The dry biomass yield was increased up to 2.1 fold	[56]
Chlorella sorokiniana	IAA, DA-6	Nitrogen-limited stress	Growth and lipid accumulation were both promoted and phytohormones enhances CAT and SOD enzyme activities	[52]
Nannochloropsis oceanica	ABA, CKs	Nitrogen-depletion stress	Exogenous CKs stimulate cell-cycle progression, but ABA acts as both an algal growth repressor and a positive regulator in response to stresses	[70]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	IAA, GA₃, KIN, TRIA, ABA	Nitrogen-limited stress	All five of the tested phytohormones significantly increased microalgal growth, particularly in nitrogen-limited media	[54]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	ABA	Osmotic and salt stresses	ABA treatment markedly reduced ROS generation and enhanced gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes	[58]
Chlorella vulgaris	IAA, PAA, IBA, NAA	Oxidative stress	All auxins can suppress lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation	[49]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	ABA	Oxidative stress	Addition of ABA improve the growth of this alga	[67]

ISSN: 1754-6834