Rewiring glycerol metabolism for enhanced production of poly-γ-glutamic acid in Bacillus licheniformis

Table 2 Comparison of γ-PGA production by Bacillus strains using glycerol as substrate

Strains	Main nutrients (g/L)	Culture time (h)	γ-PGA titer (g/L)	γ-PGA productivity (g/L/h)	References
B. licheniformis ATCC 9945a	l-Glutamic acid, glycerol, citric acid, NH₄Cl	96	23	0.24	[15]
B. licheniformis CCRC 12826	As above	96	19.62	0.2	[16]
B. licheniformis WBL-3	As above	88	22.8	0.26	[37]
B. subtilis RKY3	l-Glutamic acid, glycerol, citric acid, NH₄Cl, yeast extract	24	48.7	2.03	[33]
B. subtilis RKY3	l-Glutamic acid, glycerol, citric acid, NH₄Cl	48	28.4	0.59	[35]
B. subtilis IFO 3335	l-Glutamic acid, glycerol, citric acid, (NH₄)₂SO₄	96	10–20	0.1–0.21	[45]
B. subtilis BL53	l-Glutamic acid, glycerol, citric acid, NH₄Cl	72	10.4	0.14	[46]
B. subtilis BL53	As above	96	17.0	0.18	[47]
B. licheniformis WX02-P43glpFK	Sodium glutamate, crude glycerol, citric acid, NH₄Cl	48	16.63	0.35	[17]
B. methylotrophicus SK19.001	Glycerol, sodium citrate, peptone	66	35.3	0.535	[36]
B. subtilis C1	Glycerol, citric acid, NH₄Cl	144	21.4	0.15	[38]
B. licheniformis WX-02	Glycerol, sodium citrate, NaNO₃, NH₄Cl	48	12.83	0.27	This study
B. licheniformis BC4	As above	48	19.20	0.4	This study
B. licheniformis BC4	CG_base, sodium citrate, NaNO₃, NH₄Cl	48	18.41	0.38	This study
B. licheniformis BC4	CG_acid, sodium citrate, NaNO₃, NH₄Cl	48	16.5	0.34	This study

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