Fig. 3

Weather conditions in Mid-Yangzi River regions and the heat stress-induced the oxidative stress and ROS-scavenging genes in developing seeds. a Temperature and humidity changes in Mid-Yangzi River in past 10 years. The data were downloaded from website https://tianqi.911cha.com. b Expression of the stress-related genes in wild-type Jack (WT) and PLDα1 KD seeds grown in high temperature and humility condition were examined with qRT-PCR. KD1: PLDα1 knockdown line 1; KD2: PLDα1 knockdown line 2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 indicate different developing stages of seeds, corresponding to fresh weights, described as above. The values are the mean ± SD (n = 3). * and **Denote significance at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, compared with wild-type Jack (WT) based on Student’s t test