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Table 3 Elemental compositions in atomic percentage derived from XPS survey spectra

From: Overcoming biomass recalcitrance by synergistic pretreatment of mechanical activation and metal salt for enhancing enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose

Sample

Atomic percentage (%)

O/C

O 1 s

C 1 s

Al 2p

Fe 2p

Cl 2p

N 1 s

Untreated lignin

22.67

77.33

‒

‒

‒

‒

0.293

MA-pretreated lignin

25.94

74.06

‒

‒

‒

‒

0.350

MA + AlCl3 pretreated lignin

25.04

73.46

1.14

‒

0.36

‒

0.341

MA + FeCl3 pretreated lignin

24.48

72.02

‒

0.98

0.52

‒

0.331

MA + Al(NO3)3 pretreated lignin

24.83

71.51

1.36

‒

‒

2.30

0.347

MA + Fe(NO3)3 pretreated lignin

26.28

69.65

‒

0.76

‒

3.39

0.377

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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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