Fig. 1

Methanol bioconversion for improved lysine synthesis in synthetic methylotrophic E. coli. Enzymes required for the assimilation of methanol into central metabolism are shown in blue: MDH methanol dehydrogenase, HPS 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, and PHI 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase. The genes overexpressed in the lysine biosynthetic pathway are shown in green. The cofactor generation pathway was reconstructed by expressing POS5 from S. cerevisiae to convert extra NADH and generate NADPH, which is shown in red