Table 4 cis, cis-MA production from lignin degradation pathways by bacteria

cis, cis-MA

Catechol

C. glutamicum MA-2

Delete catB gene; express catA gene; apply a fed-batch fermentation process

85 g/L

100% mol/mol

[125]

p-Coumaric acid

P. putida KT2440-CJ103

Express aroY gene; delete pcaHG and catB genes; apply dissolved oxygen static fed-batch fermentation

13.5 g/L

–

[118]

p-Coumaric acid

P. putida KT2440-CJ184

Co-express ecdB and ecdD with aroY gene

15.59 g/L

1.01 mol/mol

[120]

p-Coumaric acid

P. putida KT2440-CJ238

Delete genes encoding carbon catabolite repression control protein

–

0.946 mol/mol

[119]

p-Coumaric acid

P. putida KT2440-CJ242

Perform a fed-batch fermentation with by using high pH solution of p-coumaric acid as feeding solution

50 g/L

–

[121]

Guaiacol

Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116

Delete two putative catB genes; Perform a fed-batch fermentation

3.1 g/L

0.96 mol/mol

[124]

Vanillin

Engineered E. coli

Co-express four genes of vdh, desA, catA and aroY

341 mg/L

0.69 g/g

[117]

Sodium benzoate and glucose

P. putida KT2440-CJ102

Perform a dissolved oxygen-state fed-batch fermentation process

35.4 g/L

–

[122]

Vanillin

Engineered E. coli

Co-express genes of vdh, vanA, vanB, catA, aroY and kpdB

–

–

[156]

Lignin hydrolysate

C. glutamicum MA-2

Delete catB gene; express catA gene; apply a fed-batch fermentation process

1.8 g/L

–

[125]

Alkaline pretreated liquor

P. putida KT2440-CJ103

Introduce aroY gene; delete pcaHG and catB genes

0.7 g/L

–

[118]

Softwood lignin hydrolysate

P. putida IDPC/pTS110

Co-express pcaHG and aroY genes; apply a dissolved oxygen static batch fermentation process

–

0.3–0.331 mol/mol lignin-based aromatics

[126]

Hardwood lignin hydrolysate

Sphingobium sp. SME257/pTS084

Use G-lignin components for cis, cis-MA production and S-lignin components for cell growth

26.8 mg/L

0.41 mol/mol birch lignin derivatives

[126]

Softwood lignin hydrolysate

P. putida MA-9

Construct a strain with high tolerance to catechol; enhance catechol 1,2-dioxygenase expression levels; depolymerize softwood lignin in supercritical water

13 g/L

Nearly 100% from lignin-based aromatics

[123]

Softwood lignin hydrolysate

Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116

Delete two putative catB genes; pretreat lignin with low temperature hydrothermal conversion method

255.8 mg/L

0.72 mol/mol

[124]

Alkaline pretreated lignin liquor

KT2440-CJ475

Perform a constant fed-batch fermentation process

0.65 g/L

> 100%^a

[121]

Base-catalyzed depolymerized lignin

KT2440-CJ242

Perform a constant fed-batch fermentation process

3.7 g/L

> 100%^a

[121]