Metabolic engineering of Clostridium beijerinckii to improve glycerol metabolism and furfural tolerance

Table 1 Substrate utilization, ABE productivity and yield of recombinant C. beijerinckii (Cb) strains during fermentation of glycerol + glucose medium

Recombinant Cb strain	Glycerol utilized		Glucose utilized		ABE
Recombinant Cb strain	Conc. (g/L)	% Improvement vs. control	Conc. (g/L)	Rate (g/L/h)	Conc. (g/L)	X (g/L/h)	Y (g/g)
pWUR460_gldA1	21.61 ± 2^a	25.2	35.1 ± 2.3	0.96^a	13 ± 0.01^a	0.22^a	0.24^a
pWUR459_gldA1	23.1 ± 2.1^a	33.8	34.8 ± 4.5	1.24^b	12.8 ± 1.2^a	0.35^b	0.22^a
pWUR460_dhaD1	22 ± 0.12^a	27.35	35 ± 1.9	1.01^a	13.1 ± 0.1^a	0.22^a	0.23^a
pWUR459_dhaD1	23.4 ± 3.1^a	35.5	35.1 ± 1.3	1.3^b	13 ± 0^a	0.22^a	0.23^a
pWUR460_gldA1 + dhaK	23.67 ± 0^a	37.14	35.2 ± 1.2	0.98^a	13.2 ± 1.1^a	0.22^a	0.22^a
pWUR459_ gldA1 + dhaK	24.4 ± 0.8^a	41.4	35.1 ± 0.8	1.18^c	12.8 ± 0.7^a	0.36^b	0.22^a
pWUR460_dhaD1 + gldA1	24.6 ± 0.1^a	42.94	35 ± 0.2	1.01^a	13.2 ± 0.1^a	0.28^a	0.22^a
pWUR459_[(dhaD1 + gldA1) dhaK]	23.2 ± 0^a	28.62	34.8 ± 1.2	1.22^a	12.5 ± 0.5^a	0.26^a	0.22^a
pMTL500E P ⁽⁻⁾_adc P ⁽⁻⁾_thl (Control)	17.26 ± 1^b	–	34.8 ± 0.8	1.14^c	11.3 ± 0.4^b	0.18^c	0.22^a

X productivity; Y yield
^a,b,cFisher’s least significant difference (p < 0.1) within parameters for each insert versus the plasmid control. Values with same supesrcript are not significantly different (p < 0.1)

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