Metabolic engineering of Clostridium beijerinckii to improve glycerol metabolism and furfural tolerance

Table 2 Substrate utilization, furfural detoxification, cell growth (optical density; OD₆₀₀), butanol and ABE concentrations (C), ABE yield (Y) and productivity (Z) profiles of C. beijerinckii (Cb) pWUR460_dhaD1 + gldA1 grown in furfural (2 to 6 g/L)-supplemented glucose + glycerol medium

Furfural (g/L)	Cb strain	Max. cell OD₆₀₀	Butanol			ABE			Substrate utilized		R (g/L/h)
Furfural (g/L)	Cb strain	Max. cell OD₆₀₀	C (g/L)	Y (g/g)	Z (g/L/h)	C (g/L)	Y (g/g)	Z (g/L/h)	Glucose (g/L)	Glycerol (g/L)	R (g/L/h)
2	pWUR460_ dhaD1 + gldA1	5.5 ± 0.1^a	8.7^a	0.14^a	0.18^a	12.4 ± 0.1^a	0.20^a	0.26^a	35.6 ± 0.1^a	29.1 ± 1.1^a	1.36^a
2	Plasmid control	3.5 ± 0.02^b	8.7 ± 0.1^b	0.14^a	0.18^a	12.1 ± 1.1^a	0.20^a	0.20^b	35.8 ± 1.1^a	28.9 ± 0.9^a	1.37^a
3	pWUR460_ dhaD1 + gldA1	4.0 ± 0.03^a	8.5 ± 0.9^a	0.13^a	0.18^a	12.4 ± 0.5^a	0.20^a	0.26^a	35.8 ± 0.2^a	29.1 ± 0.1^a	1.36^a
3	Plasmid control	2.8 ± 0.1^b	8.2 ± 1.1^b	0.15^b	0.17^a	12.4 ± 0.1^a	0.19^a	0.20^b	36 ± 0.23^a	20.1 ± 0.9^b	1.4^a
4	pWUR460_ dhaD1 + gldA1	3.7 ± 0.2^a	6.9 ± 0.2^a	0.11^a	0.14^a	10.1 ± 0.5^a	0.16^a	0.21^a	35.4 ± 0.5^a	26.2 ± 1.1^a	1.15^a
4	Plasmid control	2.4 ± 0.2^b	6.2 ± 0.4^b	0.11^a	0.13^a	9.4 ± 0.34^b	0.17^a	0.20^a	35.7 ± 0.1^a	18.6 ± 0.2^b	1.13^a
5	pWUR460_ dhaD1 + gldA1	3.6 ± 0.2^a	5.6^a	0.11^a	0.12^a	8.6 ± 0.7^a	0.17^a	0.18^a	25.4 ± 0.2^a	23.9 ± 0.5^a	1.38^a
5	Plasmid control	2.1 ± 0.5^b	5.1 ± 0.8^b	0.12^a	0.11^a	8.1 ± 0.01^b	0.18^a	0.17^a	31.1 ± 0.1^b	13.1 ± 0.1^b	0.82^b
6	pWUR460_ dhaD1 + gldA1	2.7 ± 0.9^a	4.5 ± 0.9^a	0.2^a	0.09^a	7.7^a	0.34^a	0.16^a	9.8 ± 0^a	13 ± 0.8^a	1.24^a
6	Plasmid control	1.9^b	3.1 ± 0.3^b	0.16^a	0.06^b	5.5^b	0.28^b	0.12^b	12 ± 0.1^b	7.5 ± 0.23^b	0.96^b

C concentration, Y yield, X productivity, R rate of furfural detoxification
^a,bFisher’s LSD (p < 0.1) between means of Cb pWUR460_ dhaD1 + gldA1 vs. the plasmid control for each furfural concentration within each parameter

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