Filamentous cyanobacteria triples oil production in seawater-based medium supplemented with industrial waste: monosodium glutamate residue

Table 3 The fatty acid profile of Spirulina subsalsa in reused seawater supplemented with 1/200 MSGR (V_MSGR/V_seawater)

	First	Second	ASTMD 6751-08	EN 14214
Fatty acids (% total FAME)
C12:0 (lauric)	11.48 ± 0.62	2.77 ± 0.26
C14:0 (myristic)	1.25 ± 0.03	3.55 ± 0.43
C16:0 (palmitic)	35.50 ± 0.59	33.96 ± 0.77
C16:1 (palmitoleic)	17.83 ± 0.78	23.76 ± 0.81
C18:0 (stearic)	2.76 ± 0.31	4.94 ± 0.61
C18:1 (oleic)	14.51 ± 0.50	15.78 ± 0.86
C18:2 (linoleic)	14.28 ± 0.56	12.30 ± 0.97
Others	2.40 ± 1.76	2.93 ± 1.87
Biodiesel properties
Kinematic viscosity 40 °C (mm²/s)	4.82 ± 0.01	4.80 ± 0.01	1.9–6.0	3.5–5.0
Specific gravity (kg/L)	0.88 ± 0.00	0.88 ± 0.00	0.85–0.90	0.86–0.90
CP (°C)	11.86 ± 0.11	11.42 ± 0.27
CN	58.82 ± 0.06	58.60 ± 0.13	≥ 47	≥ 51
IV (gI₂/100 g)	57.99 ± 0.62	60.41 ± 1.48		51–120
HHV (MJ/kg)	39.61 ± 0.01	39.66 ± 0.03

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