Fig. 5From: Kluyveromyces marxianus developing ethanol tolerance during adaptive evolution with significant improvements of multiple pathwaysRT-qPCR analysis for gene differential expression of KM and KM-100d in different groups. a KM-100d vs. KM both in the ethanol-free medium. This is for DE gene analysis in Group ①. b KM exposed in 4% (v/v) ethanol vs. KM in an ethanol-free medium. This is for Group ⑥. c KM exposed in 6% (v/v) ethanol vs. KM in an ethanol-free medium. This is for Group ⑦. d KM-100d exposed in 4% (v/v) ethanol vs. KM-100d in an ethanol-free medium. This is for Group ④. e KM-100d exposed in 6% (v/v) ethanol vs. KM-100d in an ethanol-free medium. This is for Group ⑤. In each sample, 18S was used as an internal control. Total RNA was isolated from cells cultured at 48 h in biological triplicateBack to article page