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Fig. 1 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 1

From: Improving squalene production by enhancing the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, modifying the isoprenoid-feeding module and blocking the menaquinone pathway in Escherichia coli

Fig. 1

Biosynthesis of squalene through isoprenoid pathway and the feeding modules. DMAPP dimethylallyl diphosphate, dxs encoding DXP synthase, DXP 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate, EDP Embden–Meyerhof pathway, EMP Entner–Doudoroff pathway, FPP farnesyl diphosphate, GPP geranyl diphosphate, G3P d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, HMBPP (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate, hsqs encoding squalene synthease, idi encoding IPP isomerase, IPP isopentenyl diphosphate, fps farnesyl diphosphate synthase, MEP methylerythritol 4-phosphate, pgi encoding glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, pgl encoding 6-phosphogluconolactonase, PPP pentose phosphate pathway, PSPP pre-squalene diphosphate, PYR Pyruvate, udhA encoding the soluble pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, zwf glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dashed arrow indicates multiple enzymatic steps

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