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Table 3 Effects of the three major biomass inhibitors were acetic acid (X1), formic acid (X2), and (X3) (levulinic acid) added to the SD-medium on the yields of ethanol yields and biomass by applying the 23 full-central-composite design

From: Statistical prediction of interactions between low concentrations of inhibitors on yeast cells responses added to the SD-medium at low pH values

Runs

X 1

X 2

X 3

Biomass (mg/mL)

Ethanol (g/L)

Observed values

Predicted

values

Observed values

Predicted values

1

5.0

25.0

10.0

12.4 ± 0.6

12.4

61.1 ± 1.5

60.7

2

10.0

25.0

10.0

11.6 ± 0.6

11.6

49.8 ± 4.9

51.9

3

5.0

35.0

10.0

11.8 ± 0.1

11.9

51.2 ± 2.2

49.4

4

10.0

35.0

10.0

11.2 ± 0.3

11.2

33.1 ± 3.6

37.2

5

5.0

25.0

20.0

12.2 ± 0.5

12.2

44.3 ± 2.5

41.4

6

10.0

25.0

20.0

11.2 ± 0.8

11.1

31.9 ± 2.8

34.7

7

5.0

35.0

20.0

11.3 ± 0.1

11.3

41.9 ± 5.3

40.8

8

10.0

35.0

20.0

10.3 ± 0.1

10.6

29.1 ± 2.6

30.7

9

3.3*

30.0

15.0

12.7 ± 0.7

12.6

46.7 ± 2.5

50.9

10

11.7*

30.0

15.0

11.1 ± 0.5

11.1

40.9 ± 4.1

35.1

11

7.5

21.6*

15.0

11.9 ± 0.5

11.9

52.1 ± 1.7

51.7

12

7.5

38.4*

15.0

11.0 ± 0.4

10.9

39.9 ± 2.3

38.8

13

7.5

30.0

6.6*

11.7 ± 0.8

11.7

52.8 ± 3.3

50.9

14

7.5

30.0

23.4*

10.8 ± 0.2

10.8

28.9 ± 1.9

29.2

15

7.5

30.0

15.0

10.7 ± 0.2

11.0

37.0 ± 2.2

33.2

16

7.5

30.0

15.0

11.2 ± 0.5

11.0

34.2 ± 1.4

33.2

17

7.5

30.0

15.0

11.2 ± 0.2

11.0

32.7 ± 1.0

33.2

18

7.5

30.0

15.0

10.6 ± 0.3

11.0

32.4 ± 1.1

33.2

19

7.5

30.0

15.0

11.5 ± 0.7

11.0

29.2 ± 0.4

33.2

20

7.5

30.0

15.0

11.0 ± 0.1

11.0

33.1 ± 0.1

33.2

  1. Fermentations were performed using strain the yeast strain 63 M and the inhibitors (mmol/L) were as follows: X1 (acetic acid), X2 (formic acid), and X3 (levulinic acid), while the stars (*) indicates Axial points