Fig. 3

The predicted metabolic pathway of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. a–g indicated the predicted degradation pathway of furfural, HMF, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, acetic acid, and formic acid, respectively. The differentially expressed gene pairs were marked with red color. The numbers marked with red and green in bracket separately indicated differentially up-regulated and down-regulated genes during the degradation of the inhibitors. ACAA acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, ACSS acetyl-CoA synthetase, ACO aconitate hydratase, ADH alcohol dehydrogenase, MOX alcohol oxidase, ALDH aldehyde dehydrogenase, AKR/ARI aldo/keto reductase/aldehyde reductase, AAD aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, AAO aryl-alcohol oxidase, CMC 3-carboxymuconate cycloisomerase, CS1 citrate synthase (peroxisomal), FDH formate dehydrogenase, FCS 2-furoyl-CoA synthetase, FUM fumarate hydratase, GMC oxidoreductase glucose–methanol–choline (Gmc) oxidoreductase, HBM 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase, MDH1 malate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), OCT 3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase, OGDH oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, hmfE 2-oxoglutaroyl-CoA hydrolase, PCD protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, SDH succinate dehydrogenase, VAO vanillyl-alcohol oxidase