Fig. 2

Comparison of Raman spectra of standard wax esters, lipid, and alcohol. a Fingerprint region (1800–800 cm⁻¹) of lauryl laurate (LL), myristyl myristate (MM), palmityl palmitate (PP), stearyl stearate (SS), myristic acid, myristyl alcohol, and tripalmitin. b Enlarged view of the 1200–1000 cm⁻¹ region containing C–C stretch information, which is useful for chain length analysis. Corresponding carbon chain lengths for each compound is indicated using common notation. Fluorescence background was subtracted using a polynomial baseline and all spectra were normalized to 1296 cm⁻¹ band